“Só me interessa o que não é meu”
Oswald de Andrade
"Manifesto Antropófago(1928)
Foi publicado no primeiro exemplar da Revista de Antropofagia. Os exemplares desta publicação eram numerados como primeira dentição, segunda dentição, etc.
Este manifesto constitui-se numa síntese de alguns pensamentos do autor sobre o Modernismo Brasileiro. Inspirou-se explicitamente em Marx, em Freud, André Breton, Montaigne e Rousseau e atacava explicitamente a missionação, a herança portuguesa e o padre Antônio Vieira: Antes de os portugueses descobrirem o Brasil, o Brasil tinha descoberto a felicidade; Contra Goethe (que simboliza a cultura clássica europeia). Neste sentido, assina o manifesto como tendo sido escrito em Piratininga (nome indígena para a planície de onde viria a surgir a cidade de São Paulo), datando-o esclarecedoramente como ano 374, da Deglutição do Bispo Sardinha, o que denota uma recusa radical, simbólica e humorísticamente, do calendário gregoriano vigente. Por outro lado, a técnica de escrita explorada no Manifesto, bem como em todos os poemas mais significativos do autor antes e após este, aproximam-se mais das chamadas vanguardas positivas, mais construtivas que o Surrealismo de Breton e continuam propondo uma língua nacional diferente do português. O desejo de criar uma língua brasileira se manifestaria em sua obra, principalmente, por um vocabulário popular, explorando certos "desvios" do falante brasileiro (como sordado, mio, mió), intentando o "erro criativo". Este sonho somente se pareceria concretizar posteriormente, no entanto, na prosa de Guimarães Rosa e na poesia de Manoel de Barros.
Há várias ideias que estão implícitas neste manifesto, onde Oswald se expressa de maneira poética. Estas não são exploradas com o sistemático do seu amigo Mário de Andrade. Uma destas ideias é conhecida da antropofagia e tem a ver com o papel simbólico do canibalismo nas sociedades tribais/tradicionais. O canibal nunca come um ser humano por nutrição, mas sim sempre para incluir em si as qualidades do inimigo ou de alguém. Assim o canibalismo é interpretado como uma forma de veneração do inimigo. Se o inimigo tem valor então tem interesse para ser comido porque assim o canibal torna-se mais forte. Oswald atualiza este conceito no fundo expressando que a cultura brasileira é mais forte, é colonizada pelo europeu mas digere o europeu e assim torna-se superior a ele: Perguntei a um homem o que era o Direito. Ele me respondeu que era a garantia do exercício da possibilidade. Esse homem chamava-se Galli Matias. Comi-o.
Outra ideia avançada é a de que a maior revolução de todas vai se realizar no Brasil: Queremos a revolução Caraíba.
Outra ideia é a de que o Brasil, simbolizado pelo índio, absorve o estrangeiro, o elemento estranho a si, e torna-o carne da sua carne, canibaliza-o. Oswald. metaforicamente, recusa as religiões do meridiano que são aquelas de origem oriental e semita que deram origem ao cristianismo. Sendo a favor das religiões indígenas, com a sua relação direta com as forças cósmicas.
O manifesto insiste muito nas ideias de Totem e Tabu, expressas em um trabalho de Freud de 1912. Segundo Freud o Pai da tribo teria sido morto e comido pelos filhos e posteriormente divinizado. Tornado Totem e por isso mesmo sagrado, consequentemente criaram-se interdições à sua volta.
Citando o manifesto: Antropofagia. A transformação permanente do Tabu em totem. A antropofagia segundo Oswald é uma inversão do mito do bom selvagem de Rousseau, que era puro, inocente, edênico. O índio passa a ser mau e esperto, porque canibaliza o estrangeiro, digere-o, torna-o parte da sua carne. Assim o Brasil seria um país canibal. O que é um ponto de vista interessante porque subverte a relação colonizador/(ativo)/colonizado(passivo). O colonizado digere o colonizador. Ou seja, não é a cultura ocidental, portuguesa, europeia, branca, que ocupa o Brasil, mas é o índio que digere tudo o que lhe chega. E ao digerir e absorver as qualidades dos estrangeiros fica melhor, mais forte e torna-se brasileiro.
Assim o Manifesto Antropófago, embora seja nacionalista não é xenófobo, antes pelo contrário é xenofágico: Só me interessa o que não é meu. Lei do homem. Lei do antropófago.. Por isso, o antropófago Oswald seria um vanguardista, e teria sido o primeiro brasileiro, cronologicamente, a influenciar o movimento literário brasileiro de maior repercussão internacional, o concretismo, bem como, talvez indiretamente, ao poeta brasileiro mais aclamado nos círculos literários da atualidade, Manoel de Barros, o qual se diz um poeta da "vanguarda primitiva"."
copy, paste da Wikipedia
Friday, August 19, 2011
Gini Europe
The Gini coefficient is a number from 0 to 1 representing the equality or inequality of income distribution in an economy; 0 is theoretical absolute equality, and 1 is one person having everything and everyone going without. In practice, it varies from about 0.2 to about 0.7.
According to it, Europe ranges from the mid-.20s to the high .30s, with a few outliers in the low 40s. At the most egalitarian end, unsurprisingly, are the Jante states of Denmark and Sweden, as well as Iceland (perhaps surprisingly, if it's meant to have been an experiment in cut-throat neoliberalism). Things get more inequitous into Norway, Finland, France, Germany and Switzerland (which stays under .28, despite being home to a lot of the global super-rich), and then on to Italy, Spain, Britain and Ireland, and beyond that, Poland and Lithuania. The most unequal country in Europe is Turkey, which has a Gini coefficient of 0.436, somewhere between Guyana and Nigeria, or, if you prefer, Delaware and Hawaii.
found here : http://dev.null.org/blog/item/200904210031_ginieuroa
true story
A Story
by Philip Levine
Everyone loves a story. Let's begin with a house.
We can fill it with careful rooms and fill the rooms
with things—tables, chairs, cupboards, drawers
closed to hide tiny beds where children once slept
or big drawers that yawn open to reveal
precisely folded garments washed half to death,
unsoiled, stale, and waiting to be worn out.
There must be a kitchen, and the kitchen
must have a stove, perhaps a big iron one
with a fat black pipe that vanishes into the ceiling
to reach the sky and exhale its smells and collusions.
This was the center of whatever family life
was here, this and the sink gone yellow
around the drain where the water, dirty or pure,
ran off with no explanation, somehow like the point
of this, the story we promised and may yet deliver.
Make no mistake, a family was here. You see
the path worn into the linoleum where the wood,
gray and certainly pine, shows through.
Father stood there in the middle of his life
to call to the heavens he imagined above the roof
must surely be listening. When no one answered
you can see where his heel came down again
and again, even though he'd been taught
never to demand. Not that life was especially cruel;
they had well water they pumped at first,
a stove that gave heat, a mother who stood
at the sink at all hours and gazed longingly
to where the woods once held the voices
of small bears—themselves a family—and the songs
of birds long fled once the deep woods surrendered
one tree at a time after the workmen arrived
with jugs of hot coffee. The worn spot on the sill
is where Mother rested her head when no one saw,
those two stained ridges were handholds
she relied on; they never let her down.
Where is she now? You think you have a right
to know everything? The children tiny enough
to inhabit cupboards, large enough to have rooms
of their own and to abandon them, the father
with his right hand raised against the sky?
If those questions are too personal, then tell us,
where are the woods? They had to have been
because the continent was clothed in trees.
We all read that in school and knew it to be true.
Yet all we see are houses, rows and rows
of houses as far as sight, and where sight vanishes
into nothing, into the new world no one has seen,
there has to be more than dust, wind-borne particles
of burning earth, the earth we lost, and nothing else.
by Philip Levine
Everyone loves a story. Let's begin with a house.
We can fill it with careful rooms and fill the rooms
with things—tables, chairs, cupboards, drawers
closed to hide tiny beds where children once slept
or big drawers that yawn open to reveal
precisely folded garments washed half to death,
unsoiled, stale, and waiting to be worn out.
There must be a kitchen, and the kitchen
must have a stove, perhaps a big iron one
with a fat black pipe that vanishes into the ceiling
to reach the sky and exhale its smells and collusions.
This was the center of whatever family life
was here, this and the sink gone yellow
around the drain where the water, dirty or pure,
ran off with no explanation, somehow like the point
of this, the story we promised and may yet deliver.
Make no mistake, a family was here. You see
the path worn into the linoleum where the wood,
gray and certainly pine, shows through.
Father stood there in the middle of his life
to call to the heavens he imagined above the roof
must surely be listening. When no one answered
you can see where his heel came down again
and again, even though he'd been taught
never to demand. Not that life was especially cruel;
they had well water they pumped at first,
a stove that gave heat, a mother who stood
at the sink at all hours and gazed longingly
to where the woods once held the voices
of small bears—themselves a family—and the songs
of birds long fled once the deep woods surrendered
one tree at a time after the workmen arrived
with jugs of hot coffee. The worn spot on the sill
is where Mother rested her head when no one saw,
those two stained ridges were handholds
she relied on; they never let her down.
Where is she now? You think you have a right
to know everything? The children tiny enough
to inhabit cupboards, large enough to have rooms
of their own and to abandon them, the father
with his right hand raised against the sky?
If those questions are too personal, then tell us,
where are the woods? They had to have been
because the continent was clothed in trees.
We all read that in school and knew it to be true.
Yet all we see are houses, rows and rows
of houses as far as sight, and where sight vanishes
into nothing, into the new world no one has seen,
there has to be more than dust, wind-borne particles
of burning earth, the earth we lost, and nothing else.
Monday, August 15, 2011
the god of imagination
"The god of the imagination is the imagination. The law of the imagination is, whatever works. The law of the imagination is not universal truth, but the work's truth, fought for and won."
Salman Rushdie, The ground beneath her feet
Sunday, August 14, 2011
Sabugueiro
Brancas são as flores,
verdes as bagas,
que o sol do estio amadurece.
Quando as manhãs esfriam e a noite mais cedo cai
com carinho as bagas colhes,
amorosamente fazes o xarope,
com que irás perfumar o letal chá
que usas para aquecer o frio inverno.
this is the Times
• NYTimes.com Home Page »
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"I remember quite clearly one of my middle-school teachers telling me that I was a stone with sharp, jagged edges, but that I would turn into a smooth river stone as I grew older. During the years while I was making this film, I felt like I was getting sharper and sharper instead."
ZHAO LIANG, a filmmaker, on "Petition," a documentary that angered the Chinese government.
QUOTATION OF THE DAY
"I remember quite clearly one of my middle-school teachers telling me that I was a stone with sharp, jagged edges, but that I would turn into a smooth river stone as I grew older. During the years while I was making this film, I felt like I was getting sharper and sharper instead."
ZHAO LIANG, a filmmaker, on "Petition," a documentary that angered the Chinese government.
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